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Regional GIS-based evaluation of the potential and supply costs of forest biomass in Sweden

Dimitris ATHANASSIADIS, Tomas NORDFJELL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 493-501 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017179

摘要： The potential for harvestable forest fuel (logging residues and stumps from regeneration fellings and small diameter trees from early thinnings) in Sweden, divided in five regions, is provided. Marginal cost curves for logging residues and stumps are calculated through a GIS-based method based on forest inventory plots and locations of selected terminals, and heat and combined heat and power facilities. Four supply chains for logging residues and two for stumpwood were compared. Fixed and variable costs of harvesting equipment and transport vehicles were used for determining the costs of each of the supply systems under consideration. A list with the GPS coordinates of all facilities and terminals was made based on their geographical location. The distance from the center of each forest inventory plot to the nearest receiving point within the region, either facility or terminal, was estimated. There were large differences in the estimated potential of harvestable forest fuel between the regions. The overall annual potential for each of the five regions ranged from 0.97 to 2.73 million oven dry tonnes and the total potential amounted to 9.39 Mt (oven dry). One of the northernmost regions (R1) had the steepest slope in its marginal cost curve. For the other regions, the slope of their cost curves was less dramatic. Information on the economic availability of logging residues and stumps in each region is important for forest fuel suppliers and receiving facilities.

关键词： GIS     logging residues     heat and-power faci-lities     stumpwood    

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Optimization of power and efficiency for an irreversible Diesel heat engine

Shiyan ZHENG, Guoxing LIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 560-565 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0018-9

摘要： A cyclic model of an irreversible Diesel heat engine is presented, in which the heat loss between the working fluid and the ambient during combustion, the irreversibility inside the cyclic working fluid resulting from friction, eddies flow, and other irreversible effects are taken into account. By using the thermodynamic analysis and optimal control theory methods, the analytical expressions of power output and efficiency of the Diesel heat engine are derived. Variations of the main performance parameters with the pressure ratio of the cycle are analyzed and calculated. The optimum operating region of the heat engine is determined. Moreover, the optimum criterion of some important parameters, such as the power output, efficiency, pressure ratio, and temperatures of the working fluid at the related state points are illustrated and discussed. The conclusions obtained in the present paper may provide some theoretical guidance for the optimal parameter design of a class of internal-combustion engines.

关键词： Diesel heat engine     irreversibility     power output     efficiency     parameter optimization    

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Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexible loads in German medium voltage networks

Mark KUPRAT, Martin BENDIG, Klaus PFEIFFER

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 135-145 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0472-8

摘要： Germany’s energy transition triggered a rapid and unilateral growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity sector. With increasing shares of intermittent RES, overcapacities during periods of strong wind and photovoltaic electricity generation occur. In the face of insufficient transmission capacities, due to an inhibited network extension, the electricity generation has to be curtailed. This curtailment of RES leads to economic losses and could be avoided through flexible loads. As an option to cope with those problems, the technologies of power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-heat (PtH) are presented in this paper. First, the alkaline electrolyzer (AEL), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL), and solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) are investigated regarding their operational parameters. Second, the electric boiler, electrode heating boiler, and heat pumps are considered. Ultimately, the network-supporting abilities and the potential to provide ancillary services, such as control power, load sequence operation, cold start and part load capability, are compared among one another.

关键词： power-to-gas     power-to-heat     flexible loads     ancillary services     coherent energy systems    

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Carbon emission impact on the operation of virtual power plant with combined heat and power system

Yu-hang XIA,Jun-yong LIU,Zheng-wen HUANG,Xu ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第5期   页码 479-488 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500467

摘要： A virtual power plant (VPP) can realize the aggregation of distributed generation in a certain region, and represent distributed generation to participate in the power market of the main grid. With the expansion of VPPs and ever-growing heat demand of consumers, managing the effect of fluctuations in the amount of available renewable resources on the operation of VPPs and maintaining an economical supply of electric power and heat energy to users have been important issues. This paper proposes the allocation of an electric boiler to realize wind power directly converted for supplying heat, which can not only overcome the limitation of heat output from a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, but also reduce carbon emissions from a VPP. After the electric boiler is considered in the VPP operation model of the combined heat and power system, a multi-objective model is built, which includes the costs of carbon emissions, total operation of the VPP and the electricity traded between the VPP and the main grid. The model is solved by the CPLEX package using the fuzzy membership function in Matlab, and a case study is presented. The power output of each unit in the case study is analyzed under four scenarios. The results show that after carbon emission is taken into account, the output of low carbon units is significantly increased, and the allocation of an electric boiler can facilitate the maximum absorption of renewable energy, which also reduces carbon emissions from the VPP.

关键词： Virtual power plant (VPP)     Carbon emissions     Electric boiler     Wind power     Combined heat and power (CHP)    

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Experimental investigation of liquid metal alloy based mini-channel heat exchanger for high power electronic

Manli LUO, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 479-486 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0277-3

摘要： There is currently a growing demand for developing efficient techniques for cooling integrated electronic devices with ever increasing heat generation power. To better tackle the high-density heat dissipation difficulty within the limited space, this paper is dedicated to clarify the heat transfer behaviors of the liquid metal flowing in mini-channel exchangers with different geometric configurations. A series of comparative experiments using liquid metal alloy Ga68%In20%Sn12% as coolant were conducted under prescribed mass flow rates in three kinds of heat exchangers with varied geometric sizes. Meanwhile, numerical simulations for the heat exchangers under the same working conditions were also performed which well interpreted the experimental measurements. The simulated heat sources were all cooled down by these three heat dissipation apparatuses and the exchanger with the smallest channel width was found to have the largest mean heat transfer coefficient at all conditions due to its much larger heat transfer area. Further, the present work has also developed a correlation equation for characterizing the Nusselt number depending on Peclet number, which is applicable to the low Peclet number case with constant heat flux in the hydrodynamically developed and thermally developing region in the rectangular channel. This study is expected to provide valuable reference for designing future liquid metal based mini-channel heat exchanger.

关键词： heat exchanger     liquid metal     mini-channel     heat dissipation     heat transfer coefficient    

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中等功率条件下提高齿轮减速器的热效率研究

胡如夫,张东速

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第4期   页码 72-76

摘要：

热功率是选用齿轮减速器时需要考虑的重要性能指标，热功率的大小决定了齿轮减速器在热平衡温度下工作的功率利用率。提高热功率有利于高齿轮减速器的工作效率，减少能源的浪费。推导了单级齿轮减速器试验台的效率计算公式，用试验方法对减速器的热功率进行了测算，开发了具有良好散热效果的板块式和列管式散热装置，在此基础上，从齿轮减速器设计、制造和润滑等方面分析了提高齿轮减速器热功率的措施。

关键词： 减速器     热功率     热效率     散热装置    

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Efficient use of waste heat and solar energy: Technologies of cooling, heating, power generation andheat transfer

Ya-Ling HE, Ruzhu WANG, Anthony Paul ROSKILLY, Peiwen LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 411-413 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0525-z

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comparative study of the feasibility of the hybrid renewable energy systems incorporating combined heatand power technology

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 336-356 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0748-x

摘要： Fuel poverty is most prevalent in North East England with 14.4% of fuel poor households in Newcastle upon Tyne. The aim of this paper was to identify a grid connected renewable energy system coupled with natural gas reciprocating combined heat and power unit, that is cost-effective and technically feasible with a potential to generate a profit from selling energy excess to the grid to help alleviate fuel poverty. The system was also aimed at low carbon emissions. Fourteen models were designed and optimized with the aid of the HOMER Pro software. Models were compared with respect to their economic, technical, and environmental performance. A solution was proposed where restrictions were placed on the size of renewable energy components. This configuration consists of 150 kW CHP, 300 kW PV cells, and 30 kW wind turbines. The renewable fraction is 5.10% and the system yields a carbon saving of 7.9% in comparison with conventional systems. The initial capital investment is $1.24 million which enables the system to have grid sales of 582689 kWh/a. A conservative calculation determined that 40% of the sales can be used to reduce the energy cost of fuel poor households by $706 per annum. This solution has the potential to eliminate fuel poverty at the site analyzed.

关键词： greenhouse gas control     low carbon target     grid connected     renewable fraction     fuel poverty     combined heat and power     HOMER Pro    

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Combined heat and power economic dispatch problem using firefly algorithm

Afshin YAZDANI, T. JAYABARATHI, V. RAMESH, T. RAGHUNATHAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 133-139 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0248-8

摘要： Cogeneration units, which produce both heat and electric power, are found in many process industries. These industries also consume heat directly in addition to electricity. The cogeneration units operate only within a feasible zone. Each point within the feasible zone consists of a specific value of heat and electric power. These units are used along with other units, which produce either heat or power exclusively. Hence, the economic dispatch problem for these plants to optimize the fuel cost is quite complex and several classical and meta-heuristic algorithms have been proposed earlier. This paper applies the firefly algorithm, which is inspired by the behavior of fireflies which attract each other based on their luminosity. The results obtained have been compared with those obtained by other methods earlier and showed a marked improvement over the earlier methods.

关键词： combined heat and power (CHP) economic dispatch     meta-heuristic algorithm     firefly algorithm     cogeneration    

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Combined heat and power economic dispatch problem using the invasive weed optimization algorithm

T. JAYABARATHI, Afshin YAZDANI, V. RAMESH, T. RAGHUNATHAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 25-30 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0276-4

摘要： Cogeneration units which produce both heat and electric power are found in many process industries. These industries also consume heat directly in addition to electricity. The cogeneration units operate only within a feasible zone. Each point within the feasible zone consists of a specific value of heat and electric power. These units are used along with other units which produce either heat or power exclusively. Hence the economic dispatch problem for these plants optimizing the fuel cost is quite complex and several classical and meta-heuristic algorithms have been proposed earlier. This paper applies the invasive weed optimization algorithm which is inspired by the ecological process of weed colonization and distribution. The results obtained have been compared with those obtained by other methods earlier and showed a marked improvement over earlier ones.

关键词： combined heat and power (CHP)     economic dispatch     meta-heuristic algorithm     invasive weed optimization     cogeneration    

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Analysis of the radiation heat transfer process of phase change for a liquid droplet radiator in spacepower systems

Jinying YIN, Linhua LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 166-173 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0105-y

摘要： The optimization of a space power system is greatly affected by the radiation heat transfer in a liquid droplet radiator (LDR). Radiation heat transfer in a two-dimensional bed of phase-change particle is modeled by solving the radiative transfer equation using the discrete ordinates method and the energy equation using the implicit finite difference method. The Mie theory is used to calculate the radiative properties of the droplet bed, whereas the effective medium theory is used to obtain the optical constants of partial solidification droplets. Multiple factors affect heat flux in the LDR, such as size distribution, flow velocity, phase change of droplets, layer thickness, droplet concentration in the layer, and material type of the work fluid; each of these must be analyzed. Calculations show that once size distribution is neglected, the relative error increases significantly. Size distribution has a remarkably strong effect on heat flux when the flow velocity of the working fluid is above 100 m/s. An increase in flow velocity leads to an increase in the total heat flux for the layer with a fixed volume fraction of droplets. The solidification zone occupies nearly half of the layer, and droplets of different sizes exhibit temperature differences to some extent due to local thermal non-equilibrium among them. Droplet concentration in the layer and the material type of the working fluid have strong effects on heat flux, whereas the thickness of the layer has a mild influence on heat flux.

关键词： radiation heat transfer     particle polydispersion     liquid droplet radiator     phase change    

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Combined heat and power plant integrated with mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system

Weilong WANG, Yukun HU, Jinyue YAN, Jenny NYSTR?M, Erik DAHLQUIST

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 469-474 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0123-9

摘要： Energy consumption for space and tap water heating in residential and service sectors accounts for one third of the total energy utilization in Sweden. District heating (DH) is used to supply heat to areas with high energy demand. However, there are still detached houses and sparse areas that are not connected to a DH network. In such areas, electrical heating or oil/pellet boilers are used to meet the heat demand. Extending the existing DH network to those spare areas is not economically feasible because of the small heat demand and the large investment required for the expansion. The mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system is an alternative source of heat for detached buildings or sparse areas using industrial heat. In this paper, the integration of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and an M-TES system is analyzed. Furthermore, the impacts of four options of the integrated system are discussed, including the power and heat output in the CHP plant. The performance of the M-TES system is likewise discussed.

关键词： Mobilized thermal energy system     district heating     thermal energy storage     combined heat and power     detached houses    

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A space power system of free piston Stirling generator based on potassium heat pipe

Mingqiang LIN, Jian MOU, Chunyun CHI, Guotong HONG, Panhe GE, Gu HU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 1-10 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0655-6

摘要： The power system of a free piston Stirling generator (FPSG) based on potassium heat pipes has been developed in this paper. Thanks to the advantages of long life, high reliability, and high overall thermal efficiency, the FPSG is a promising candidate for nuclear energy, especially in space exploration. In this paper, the recent progress of FPSG based on nuclear reactor for space use was briefly reviewed. A novel FPSG weighted only 4.2 kg was designed, and one dimensional thermodynamic modeling of the FPSG using Sage software was performed to estimate its performance. The experiment results indicated that this FPSG could provide 142.4 W at a thermal-to-electric efficiency of nearly 17.4%. Besides, the power system integrated with four FPSGs and potassium heat pipes was performed and the single machine failure test was conducted. The results show that this system could provide an electrical power of 300 W at an overall thermal efficiency of 7.3%. Thus, it is concluded that this power system is feasible and will have a great prospect for future applications.

关键词： free piston Stirling generator (FPSG)     potassium heat pipe     power system     energy conversion    

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Thermo-economic analysis of a direct supercritical CO electric power generation system using geothermalheat

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 246-262 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0749-9

摘要： A comprehensive thermo-economic model combining a geothermal heat mining system and a direct supercritical CO2 turbine expansion electric power generation system was proposed in this paper. Assisted by this integrated model, thermo-economic and optimization analyses for the key design parameters of the whole system including the geothermal well pattern and operational conditions were performed to obtain a minimal levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Specifically, in geothermal heat extraction simulation, an integrated wellbore-reservoir system model (T2Well/ECO2N) was used to generate a database for creating a fast, predictive, and compatible geothermal heat mining model by employing a response surface methodology. A parametric study was conducted to demonstrate the impact of turbine discharge pressure, injection and production well distance, CO2 injection flowrate, CO2 injection temperature, and monitored production well bottom pressure on LCOE, system thermal efficiency, and capital cost. It was found that for a 100 MWe power plant, a minimal LCOE of $0.177/kWh was achieved for a 20-year steady operation without considering CO2 sequestration credit. In addition, when CO2 sequestration credit is $1.00/t, an LCOE breakeven point compared to a conventional geothermal power plant is achieved and a breakpoint for generating electric power generation at no cost was achieved for a sequestration credit of $2.05/t.

关键词： geothermal heat mining     supercritical CO2     power generation     thermo-economic analysis     optimization    

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Evaluation of the power-generation capacity of wearable thermoelectric power generator

Yang YANG, Jing LIU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 346-357 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0112-z

摘要： Employing thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to gather heat dissipating from the human body through the skin surface is a promising way to supply electronic power to wearable and pocket electronics. The uniqueness of this method lies in its direct utilization of the temperature difference between the environment and the human body, and complete elimination of power maintenance problems. However, most of the previous investigations on thermal energy harvesters are confined to the TEG and electronic system themselves because of the low quality of human energy. We evaluate the energy generation capacity of a wearable TEG subject to various conditions based on biological heat transfer theory. Through numerical simulation and corresponding parametric studies, we find that the temperature distribution in the thermopiles affects the criterion of the voltage output, suggesting that the temperature difference in a single point can be adopted as the criterion for uniform temperature distribution. However, the criterion has to be shifted to the sum of temperature difference on each thermocouple when the temperature distribution is inconsistent. In addition, the performance of the thermal energy harvester can be easily influenced by environmental conditions, as well as the physiological state and physical characteristics of the human body. To further validate the calculation results for the wearable TEG, a series of conceptual experiments are performed on a number of typical cases. The numerical simulation provides a good overview of the electricity generation capability of the TEG, which may prove useful in the design of future thermal energy harvesters.

关键词： thermal energy harvester     thermoelectric generator     biological heat transfer     power generating capacity    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Regional GIS-based evaluation of the potential and supply costs of forest biomass in Sweden

Dimitris ATHANASSIADIS, Tomas NORDFJELL

期刊论文

Optimization of power and efficiency for an irreversible Diesel heat engine

Shiyan ZHENG, Guoxing LIN

期刊论文

Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexible loads in German medium voltage networks

Mark KUPRAT, Martin BENDIG, Klaus PFEIFFER

期刊论文

Carbon emission impact on the operation of virtual power plant with combined heat and power system

Yu-hang XIA,Jun-yong LIU,Zheng-wen HUANG,Xu ZHANG

期刊论文

Experimental investigation of liquid metal alloy based mini-channel heat exchanger for high power electronic

Manli LUO, Jing LIU

期刊论文

中等功率条件下提高齿轮减速器的热效率研究

胡如夫,张东速

期刊论文

Efficient use of waste heat and solar energy: Technologies of cooling, heating, power generation andheat transfer

Ya-Ling HE, Ruzhu WANG, Anthony Paul ROSKILLY, Peiwen LI

期刊论文

comparative study of the feasibility of the hybrid renewable energy systems incorporating combined heatand power technology

期刊论文

Combined heat and power economic dispatch problem using firefly algorithm

Afshin YAZDANI, T. JAYABARATHI, V. RAMESH, T. RAGHUNATHAN

期刊论文

Combined heat and power economic dispatch problem using the invasive weed optimization algorithm

T. JAYABARATHI, Afshin YAZDANI, V. RAMESH, T. RAGHUNATHAN

期刊论文

Analysis of the radiation heat transfer process of phase change for a liquid droplet radiator in spacepower systems

Jinying YIN, Linhua LIU

期刊论文

Combined heat and power plant integrated with mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system

Weilong WANG, Yukun HU, Jinyue YAN, Jenny NYSTR?M, Erik DAHLQUIST

期刊论文

A space power system of free piston Stirling generator based on potassium heat pipe

Mingqiang LIN, Jian MOU, Chunyun CHI, Guotong HONG, Panhe GE, Gu HU

期刊论文

Thermo-economic analysis of a direct supercritical CO electric power generation system using geothermalheat

期刊论文

Evaluation of the power-generation capacity of wearable thermoelectric power generator

Yang YANG, Jing LIU,

期刊论文